{
 "service": "canihosthere.com",
 "licence": "Free to reuse with attribution: canihosthere.com",
 "generated": "2026-08-03",
 "disclaimer": "Regulatory monitoring, not legal advice. Verify with linked official sources.",
 "countries": [
  {
   "id": "at",
   "nazwa": "Austria",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "Vienna registration number (city-level; adopted Dec 2025)",
    "portal": "https://www.wien.gv.at",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2026-07-01",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "wdrazany"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": 2000,
    "max_eur": 50000,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "uwagi": "Vienna Ortstaxe rising from 3.2% to 5% on 1 July 2026, then to 8% in July 2027."
   },
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [],
   "kroki": [
    "Confirm the 90-day annual cap on tourist rental applies to your unit (in force since 2024).",
    "Beyond 90 days, apply for an Ausnahmebewilligung (exception permit) from the MA37 building authority — difficult to obtain.",
    "Register for a Vienna registration number under the scheme adopted by the provincial parliament on 12 December 2025.",
    "Budget for the Ortstaxe increase: 5% from July 2026, 8% from July 2027."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Vienna mandatory registration adopted, platforms must verify and delist",
     "url": "https://www.thelocal.at/20260623/vienna-to-require-airbnb-hosts-to-register-as-part-of-housing-crackdown",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Ortstaxe 3.2%→5% from 1 July 2026, →8% July 2027; legal basis adopted 12 Dec 2025",
     "url": "https://mrprops.io/regulations/airbnb/austria",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "90-day cap since 2024, fines up to €50,000, exception permit via MA37",
     "url": "https://arbio.com/en/magazine/legal-aspects-short-term-rentals-austria",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "be",
   "nazwa": "Belgium",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "Regional registration (Brussels Economy & Employment; Flanders Logiesdecreet)",
    "portal": "https://werk-economie-emploi.brussels",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2018-01-01",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "dzialajacy"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": 0,
    "max_eur": 100000,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "uwagi": "Municipal tourist tax varies by municipality."
   },
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [
    "Belgium has no single national scheme — registration requirements differ by region (Brussels, Flanders, Wallonia); verify the region-specific rule before assuming a Brussels registration covers a Flanders property or vice versa."
   ],
   "kroki": [
    "In Brussels: register via the Brussels Economy and Employment portal to obtain a tourist accommodation registration number before listing.",
    "In Flanders: notify Toerisme Vlaanderen online under the Logiesdecreet, even for occasional letting, and display the issued registration number.",
    "Check the applicable VAT rate on furnished short-term accommodation (6% in 2025, a rise to 12% possible in 2026).",
    "Collect and remit the municipal tourist tax where applicable."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Brussels registration via regional portal, fines up to €100,000",
     "url": "https://airbtics.com/airbnb-rules-in-brussel-belgium",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Flanders Logiesdecreet: notification to Toerisme Vlaanderen, fines up to €25,000",
     "url": "https://investropa.com/blogs/news/belgium-buy-rent-out",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "hr",
   "nazwa": "Croatia",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "eTourism (Ministry of Tourism and Sports) — unique registration number",
    "portal": "https://etourism.hr",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2026-06-01",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "wdrazany"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": 1300,
    "max_eur": 13000,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "uwagi": "Sojourn tax, per guest per night, municipal rate."
   },
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [
    "Guest registration via eVisitor (within 24h of arrival) is a SEPARATE, older obligation from the new eTourism property registration — hosts must comply with both.",
    "A further Hospitality Industry Act is planned from 1 January 2027, on top of the 2026 eTourism rollout — expect another layer of change."
   ],
   "kroki": [
    "Register the property in the eTourism system to obtain the unique registration number (mandatory from June 2026).",
    "Separately, register every guest in eVisitor within 24 hours of arrival — this duty already exists and is enforced independently.",
    "Check for local moratoria or quotas on new tourist licences, particularly in Dubrovnik, Split and Zadar.",
    "Display the eTourism number on every listing."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "eTourism registration mandatory from June 2026; Hospitality Industry Act planned 1.01.2027",
     "url": "https://www.hostaway.com/blog/airbnb-rules-croatia/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "eVisitor guest registration fines €132–€2,654 per violation",
     "url": "https://rentl.io/en/blog/industry-related/evisitor-croatia-vacation-rental-guest-registration-guide",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Fines €1,300–€13,000, forced delisting, moratoria in Dubrovnik/Split/Zadar",
     "url": "https://kljuc.click/blog/airbnb-regulations-croatia-2026",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "cz",
   "nazwa": "Czechia",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "e-Turista (Ministry of Regional Development)",
    "portal": "https://www.mmr.cz",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2026-05-01",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "wdrazany"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": 0,
    "max_eur": 4000,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "uwagi": "Municipal, collected via e-Turista."
   },
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [
    "Separate from e-Turista: UbyPort guest-notification duty already exists — any paid stay by a foreign guest must be reported to the foreign police within 3 days, regardless of booking channel.",
    "Legislation giving municipalities power to cap short-term rental days in apartment buildings is in preparation but not yet confirmed in force — treat municipal day-caps as proposed."
   ],
   "kroki": [
    "Register the property in the e-Turista system (enforced from May 2026).",
    "Separately, comply with the pre-existing UbyPort duty: notify the foreign police within 3 days of any foreign guest's paid stay.",
    "Display the registration number on every listing.",
    "Watch for a pending law granting municipalities the power to cap rental days per year in apartment buildings — not yet in force."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "e-Turista mandatory registration enforced from May 2026, fines up to CZK 100,000 (~€4,000)",
     "url": "https://praguemorning.cz/heads-up-hotels-and-airbnb-must-register-in-new-eturista-system/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "UbyPort guest notification duty, 3-day foreign police reporting, separate from e-Turista",
     "url": "https://chargeautomation.com/guest-registration-czech-republic-ubyport-compliance-2026/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Municipal day-cap legislation in preparation, not yet in force",
     "url": "https://www.ecovislegal.cz/en/czech-legal-news/airbnb-and-use-of-flats-and-houses-for-accommodation-in-czech-republic/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "dk",
   "nazwa": "Denmark",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "National registration under the Housing Regulation Act",
    "portal": "https://www.bopl.dk",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2026-05-20",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "wdrazany"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": null,
    "max_eur": null,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": false,
    "uwagi": ""
   },
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [],
   "kroki": [
    "Confirm your municipality's night cap — the default under the Housing Regulation Act is 70 nights/year, but several municipalities (including Copenhagen) have raised it to 100.",
    "Register under EU Regulation 2024/1028 once the national process is operational (from 20 May 2026).",
    "Track the annual tax-free allowance for platform income: DKK 35,100 for a primary residence, DKK 50,200 for a holiday home (2026 figures) — income above this is taxable."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Default 70-night cap, Copenhagen raised to 100; 2026 tax-free allowances DKK 35,100/50,200",
     "url": "https://doorstep.dk/en/blog/airbnb-rules-denmark-2026",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "fi",
   "nazwa": "Finland",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "National registration under EU Regulation 2024/1028",
    "portal": "https://www.businessfinland.fi",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2026-05-20",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "wdrazany"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": null,
    "max_eur": null,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": false,
    "uwagi": ""
   },
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [],
   "kroki": [
    "If the property is an investment property (owner does not reside there) and lets are shorter than 4 weeks, confirm you stay within the new 90-day annual limit in force from January 2026.",
    "Register under EU Regulation 2024/1028 once the national process is operational (from 20 May 2026).",
    "Display the registration number on every listing."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "90-day annual limit for investment properties (stays <4 weeks) from January 2026",
     "url": "https://investropa.com/blogs/news/finland-rent-property-airbnb",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "fr",
   "nazwa": "France",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "Declaloc — national tele-service (Loi Le Meur)",
    "portal": "https://declaloc.gouv.fr",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2026-05-20",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "wdrazany"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": 10000,
    "max_eur": 100000,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "uwagi": "Municipal taxe de séjour, varies by city and category."
   },
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [
    "Renting a secondary residence short-term requires separate 'changement d'usage' authorisation from the city — in Paris, Lyon and Bordeaux this can require compensation of €300–500/m² and is often impossible to obtain in practice."
   ],
   "kroki": [
    "Register via the national Declaloc portal (mandatory nationwide from 20 May 2026); the 13-digit number starts with the INSEE code of the city.",
    "If the property is a secondary residence, apply separately for 'changement d'usage' with the local municipality before any registration — this is the binding constraint, not the national number.",
    "Display the registration number on every listing on every platform.",
    "Check the local night cap: 90 nights/year for a primary residence in Paris under the Loi Le Meur — other cities may set different limits."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Declaloc national portal mandatory from 20 May 2026, 13-digit number",
     "url": "https://getproofsnap.com/posts/airbnb-france-rules-expats-foreigners-loi-le-meur-2026.html",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Fines up to €10,000 (no registration), €100,000 cap for platforms",
     "url": "https://www.youroverseashome.com/france/advice/short-term-let-restrictions-france-2026/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Changement d'usage cost €300–500/m² in central Paris, often impossible to obtain",
     "url": "https://fullconcierge.fr/article-changement-usage-paris-en.html",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "de",
   "nazwa": "Germany",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "District registration number (varies; no single national portal)",
    "portal": "https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2026-05-20",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "wdrazany"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": 500,
    "max_eur": 500000,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "uwagi": "Municipal, varies widely by city."
   },
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [
    "Germany has no single national register — registration is issued at district (Bezirk) level under each city's own Zweckentfremdung ('misuse of housing') law, so requirements differ sharply between Berlin, Munich and Hamburg.",
    "Hamburg and Munich did not operate a dedicated registration system as of May 2026 — enforcement there falls directly on the host, not the platform, and rules can change city by city."
   ],
   "kroki": [
    "Check whether your city has a Zweckentfremdungsverbot ('misuse of housing' ban) — this determines whether short-term letting an entire secondary property is possible at all.",
    "If letting your own registered primary residence (Anmeldung), apply for a registration number from the district office — this typically permits up to 90 nights/year.",
    "For any other property, apply for a Zweckentfremdungsgenehmigung (misuse permit) from the district housing authority — often difficult to obtain in practice.",
    "Display the registration/permit number on every listing once EU platform verification takes effect from 20 May 2026."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Zweckentfremdungsverbot: 90-night exemption for registered primary residence with district registration",
     "url": "https://www.bnbdetector.com/en/guides/regulations/berlin",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Fines up to €500,000 in Berlin for unpermitted letting",
     "url": "https://getproofsnap.com/posts/airbnb-germany-fines-rules-expats-foreigners-2026.html",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Hamburg and Munich lack a dedicated registration system as of May 2026",
     "url": "https://www.hostaway.com/blog/airbnb-rules-in-germany/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "gr",
   "nazwa": "Greece",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "AMA (Property Registry Number) via AADE / TaxisNet",
    "portal": "https://www.aade.gr",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2024-01-01",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "dzialajacy"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": 5000,
    "max_eur": 20000,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "uwagi": "Overnight stay tax, 15–45% income tax bracket depending on scale of activity."
   },
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [
    "AADE is running extensive digital audits in 2026, matching platform data against the AMA registry and revoking numbers on violation — an active enforcement wave, not a dormant law."
   ],
   "kroki": [
    "Apply for an AMA number via TaxisNet using your AFM (tax number), title deed, building permit and proof of legal compliance.",
    "Display the AMA number on every listing.",
    "Check whether your property falls in a moratorium zone (central Athens, parts of Thessaloniki) before assuming registration is possible.",
    "Keep income declarations consistent with platform-reported data — AADE actively cross-checks this."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "AMA registration via TaxisNet, requirements",
     "url": "https://www.buygreece.us/blog/greece-short-term-rental-rules-ama-60-day-athens-moratorium-2026",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Fines from €5,000, doubling/quadrupling on repeat violations",
     "url": "https://getproofsnap.com/posts/greece-short-term-rental-airbnb-regulations-2026.html",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "AADE 2026 digital audit programme matching platform data to AMA registry",
     "url": "https://athens-times.com/short-term-rentals-aade-to-launch-sweeping-digital-checks-on-listings-and-undeclared-income/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "hu",
   "nazwa": "Hungary",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "National Tourism Data Supply Centre (NTAK) registration",
    "portal": "https://info.ntak.hu",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2026-01-01",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "dzialajacy"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": 500,
    "max_eur": 5200,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "uwagi": "Municipal, varies by district."
   },
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [
    "Municipal bans are the binding constraint, not the national register: Budapest District VI (Terézváros) is a '0-day' district since 1 January 2026, and the whole city has a moratorium on new registrations through 31 December 2026."
   ],
   "kroki": [
    "Check the specific Budapest district — District VI bans private short-term rentals outright; districts V, VII and VIII still permit them.",
    "Register the property with NTAK, the national tourism data platform.",
    "Display the registration number on every listing.",
    "Note that Budapest-wide has a moratorium on NEW registrations through end of 2026 — existing registered listings can continue."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "NTAK national registration requirement",
     "url": "https://www.hercsikugyvediiroda.hu/en/short-term-rental-regulations-2026-airbnb-permits/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "District VI banned STR from 1 Jan 2026; citywide moratorium on new registrations through 2026",
     "url": "https://balkaninsight.com/2025/11/24/tourists-out-locals-in-budapest-district-to-be-first-in-hungary-with-airbnb-ban/rd/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Fines HUF 200,000–2,000,000 (~€520–5,200)",
     "url": "https://www.travelandtourworld.com/news/article/budapest-bans-holiday-rentals-in-popular-tourist-area-to-tackle-overtourism-what-it-means-for-visitors-in-2026/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "ie",
   "nazwa": "Ireland",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "Short-Term Let Register (Fáilte Ireland)",
    "portal": "https://www.gov.ie",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2026-12-01",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "wdrazany"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": 0,
    "max_eur": 300000,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": false,
    "uwagi": ""
   },
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [
    "The register only becomes operational from 1 December 2026 with a compliance deadline of 31 December 2026 — the shortest run-up to enforcement of any jurisdiction tracked here."
   ],
   "kroki": [
    "Prepare to register with Fáilte Ireland once the Short-Term Let Register opens on 1 December 2026.",
    "Ensure registration is complete before the 31 December 2026 compliance deadline.",
    "Display the registration number on every listing that offers stays of 21 nights or fewer.",
    "Note platforms face fines up to 2% of annual turnover for listing unregistered properties — expect aggressive platform-side delisting near the deadline."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Register opens 1 December 2026, compliance deadline 31 December 2026, run by Fáilte Ireland",
     "url": "https://www.gov.ie/en/department-of-enterprise-tourism-and-employment/press-releases/short-term-let-register-to-come-into-effect-from-december-2026/",
     "urzedowe": true,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Applies to stays up to 21 nights; platform fines up to 2% of annual turnover",
     "url": "https://vezpa.it/en/blog/short-term-letting-register-ireland/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "it",
   "nazwa": "Italy",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "Codice Identificativo Nazionale (CIN) via BDSR",
    "portal": "https://bdsr.ministeroturismo.gov.it",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2025-01-01",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "dzialajacy"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": 800,
    "max_eur": 8000,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "uwagi": "Municipal, per guest per night (e.g. Rome €6)."
   },
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [
    "Since December 2025 (Tuscany precedent) municipalities in high tourist-density areas may impose their own new caps on top of the national CIN — the local layer is now actively expanding city by city."
   ],
   "kroki": [
    "Verify whether your region runs its own pre-CIN registry (some regions issue a regional code, CIR, that must be obtained first).",
    "Register the property in the national BDSR database to obtain the CIN.",
    "Display the CIN on every listing and at the property entrance where required by local rules.",
    "Check municipal rules separately — Milan requires a SCIA filing with the local SUAP; other cities are adding density-based caps."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "CIN mandatory nationwide since 1 January 2025",
     "url": "https://www.hostaway.com/blog/airbnb-rules-in-italy/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Fines €800–€8,000 for CIN violations, platform delisting duty from 20 May 2026",
     "url": "https://rental12.com/en/news-27052026-eu-regulation-str",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Municipalities can impose new tourist-density caps after Tuscany precedent (Dec 2025)",
     "url": "https://www.thelocal.it/20260605/the-italian-cities-bringing-in-restrictions-on-short-term-rentals",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "mt",
   "nazwa": "Malta",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "Malta Tourism Authority (MTA) licence",
    "portal": "https://www.mta.com.mt",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2020-01-01",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "dzialajacy"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": 1000,
    "max_eur": 5000,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "uwagi": "Per-night eco-contribution tax, national."
   },
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [
    "Legal Notice 92 of 2026 (published 15 April 2026) introduced the most significant overhaul of Maltese STR rules in recent years — verify any older guide against this notice specifically."
   ],
   "kroki": [
    "Obtain an MTA licence before advertising or operating — advertising without one is itself an offence.",
    "Comply with Legal Notice 92/2026 occupancy limits: maximum 2 persons per bedroom, 10 persons per unit unless the unit has independent street access.",
    "Basement or underground bedrooms are now prohibited.",
    "Designate a physical person available 24/7 to handle complaints, and cap individual bookings at 90 consecutive days."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Legal Notice 92/2026 (15 April 2026): occupancy caps, basement ban, 24/7 contact requirement",
     "url": "https://remax-malta.com/guides/new-short-term-rental-laws-in-malta",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "MTA licence mandatory before advertising; fines €1,000–5,000, 3-year ban for non-compliance",
     "url": "https://casarooms.com/malta-short-let-regulations-2026/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "nl",
   "nazwa": "Netherlands",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "Registration under Tourist Rental of Housing Act (registratienummer)",
    "portal": "https://www.toeristischeverhuur.nl",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2021-01-01",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "dzialajacy"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": 4500,
    "max_eur": 87000,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "uwagi": "Municipal; Amsterdam charges a percentage of turnover plus per-night fee."
   },
   "kroki": [
    "Request the registration number from your municipality (national duty under the Tourist Rental of Housing Act, municipal issuance).",
    "Check the municipal layer: permit type, night cap and zone rules differ by city — Amsterdam is the strictest regime.",
    "Display the registration number on every listing; platforms block ads without it.",
    "Notify the municipality per rental stay where required (Amsterdam) and stay within the annual night cap."
   ],
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [
    "Municipalities set their own night caps and permit regimes on top of national registration; Amsterdam is the strictest."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "National registration duty for tourist rental, municipal implementation",
     "url": "https://www.toeristischeverhuur.nl",
     "urzedowe": true,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Amsterdam 30-night cap, proposals to cut to 15 in some zones from April 2026",
     "url": "https://www.airroi.com/blog/eu-short-term-rental-regulations-2026",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "pl",
   "nazwa": "Poland",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "CWTON — Centralny Wykaz Turystycznych Obiektów Noclegowych",
    "portal": "https://www.gov.pl",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2026-05-20",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "wdrazany"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": 0,
    "max_eur": 11600,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": false,
    "uwagi": ""
   },
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [
    "The full draft law (municipal ban zones, PLN 50,000 fines) was approved by the Council of Ministers on 14 July 2026 but still requires parliamentary approval and presidential signature — treat municipal zoning powers as PROPOSED, not yet in force, while the CWTON registration duty itself already follows from the directly-applicable EU Regulation 2024/1028."
   ],
   "kroki": [
    "Register the property in CWTON once the operational portal is published — this follows directly from EU Regulation 2024/1028, independent of the pending domestic bill.",
    "Display the registration number on every listing once required.",
    "Watch for municipal zoning powers (Warsaw, Kraków, Gdańsk, Sopot) — these are proposed in the draft law but not yet enacted.",
    "Housing communities may already restrict short-term rental in their own bylaws under existing civil law, separately from the new register."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "CWTON register introduced by EU Regulation 2024/1028 from 20 May 2026",
     "url": "https://wbj.pl/registration-of-all-short-lease-rented-rooms-starts-may-20-2026/post/148202",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Draft law approved by Council of Ministers 14 July 2026: PLN 50,000 fines, municipal ban zones — not yet law",
     "url": "https://internationalinvestment.biz/en/poland/8478-poland-prepares-a-short-term-rental-register.html",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "pt",
   "nazwa": "Portugal",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "nazwa": "Registo Nacional de Alojamento Local (RNAL)",
    "portal": "https://rnt.turismodeportugal.pt",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2014-11-27",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": true,
    "status": "dzialajacy"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": 2500,
    "max_eur": 40000,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "uwagi": "Municipal (e.g. Lisbon, Porto); per-night, capped."
   },
   "kroki": [
    "Confirm the parish (freguesia) is not a containment zone — central Lisbon and Porto parishes restrict or suspend new AL registrations.",
    "File the AL registration (mera comunicação prévia) with the municipality via the Balcão Único Eletrónico; the RNAL number is issued on registration.",
    "Display the RNAL number on every listing and in advertising — the register is public, anyone can verify it.",
    "Register for the municipal tourist tax where applicable and keep the guest-report duty (SEF/AIMA communication) in mind."
   ],
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [
    "RNAL is publicly searchable — anyone can verify a licence number online.",
    "Municipalities may suspend new AL registrations in containment zones; the national layer is stable but the city layer is not."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "RNAL registry, public search, managed by Turismo de Portugal",
     "url": "https://rnt.turismodeportugal.pt",
     "urzedowe": true,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "AL registration process and requirements",
     "url": "https://www.hostwise.pt/en/blog/how-to-register-short-term-rental-portugal-rnal",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "es",
   "nazwa": "Spain",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "rejestr": {
    "istnieje": false,
    "nazwa": "Ventanilla Única Digital (national NRUA registry number annulled 19 May 2026 — the digital window itself continues)",
    "portal": "https://sede.registradores.org",
    "obowiazkowy_od": "2025-07-01",
    "numer_na_ogloszeniu": false,
    "status": "brak"
   },
   "kary": {
    "min_eur": 2000,
    "max_eur": 600000,
    "delisting": true
   },
   "podatek_turystyczny": {
    "istnieje": true,
    "uwagi": "Regional (e.g. Catalonia); no single national rate."
   },
   "uwagi_krytyczne": [
    "CONFIRMED at an official source: on 19 May 2026 the Supreme Court's Administrative Chamber (Sentencia 620/2026) annulled the national NRUA registry created by Real Decreto 1312/2024 — ruling the State lacks competence, since tourism regulation belongs exclusively to the Autonomous Communities. The national registration NUMBER is no longer mandatory for listing on Airbnb or Booking.",
    "The ruling is PARTIAL, not a full repeal: the Ventanilla Única Digital (digital single window) itself, platforms' duty to transmit booking data, and statistical data-transmission obligations all remain in force. Do not treat this as 'no national obligations' — the EU Regulation 2024/1028 data-sharing layer is unaffected.",
    "Regional registries (Catalonia, Andalusia, Canary Islands, etc.) are untouched by this ruling and remain the binding registration layer — this is exactly what the ruling confirms was always the correct competence."
   ],
   "kroki": [
    "Check the regional tourism regime first — every autonomous community (Catalonia, Andalusia, Canary Islands…) runs its own licence or declaration scheme, and several cities freeze new licences on top of it. This is now the ONLY binding registration layer nationally.",
    "Obtain the regional licence or file the responsible declaration where the property is located.",
    "You do not need to obtain an NRUA national registration number — it was annulled by the Supreme Court on 19 May 2026 (Sentencia 620/2026).",
    "Platforms still transmit your booking data under EU Regulation 2024/1028 regardless of the NRUA annulment — this obligation was upheld by the same ruling."
   ],
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Supreme Court annuls national NRUA registry, State lacks competence (Sentencia 620/2026, 19 May 2026)",
     "url": "https://www.poderjudicial.es/cgpj/es/Poder-Judicial/Tribunal-Supremo/Oficina-de-Comunicacion/Notas-de-prensa/El-Tribunal-Supremo-anula-el-Registro-Unico-de-arrendamientos-de-corta-duracion-por-considerar-que-el-Estado-carece-de-competencia-para-su-creacion",
     "urzedowe": true,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Ruling is partial: digital single window and platform data-transmission duties upheld, only the NRUA registry procedure annulled",
     "url": "https://licenciaturisticaandalucia.es/blog/tribunal-supremo-anula-nra-registro-unico-arrendamientos-sentencia-21-mayo-2026.html",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "National registration number no longer mandatory for Airbnb/Booking listings",
     "url": "https://net2rent.com/el-tribunal-supremo-anula-el-nrua/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "€64M fine against Airbnb in 2026, enforcement crackdown (predates and is unrelated to the NRUA ruling)",
     "url": "https://www.airroi.com/blog/spain-64m-airbnb-fine-european-str-enforcement-2026",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": [
    {
     "data": "2026-08-03",
     "pole": "rejestr.status",
     "bylo": null,
     "jest": "sporny",
     "zrodlo": "https://www.pineapplehomesmalaga.com/blog/short-term-rentals-spain-2025-nru-guide/"
    },
    {
     "data": "2026-08-03",
     "pole": "rejestr.status",
     "bylo": "sporny",
     "jest": "brak (NRUA number annulled; digital window and platform data duties upheld)",
     "zrodlo": "https://www.poderjudicial.es/cgpj/es/Poder-Judicial/Tribunal-Supremo/Oficina-de-Comunicacion/Notas-de-prensa/El-Tribunal-Supremo-anula-el-Registro-Unico-de-arrendamientos-de-corta-duracion-por-considerar-que-el-Estado-carece-de-competencia-para-su-creacion"
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "cities": [
  {
   "id": "amsterdam",
   "kraj": "nl",
   "nazwa": "Amsterdam",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "warunkowe",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": 30,
   "strefy": true,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "Registration number mandatory on every listing (national duty, municipal enforcement).",
    "Primary residences: maximum 30 nights per year of holiday rental, with permit and notification per stay.",
    "Proposals under discussion to reduce the cap to 15 nights in some zones from April 2026 — not confirmed as adopted."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 87000
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "30-night annual cap for primary residences, permit + per-stay notification",
     "url": "https://www.toeristischeverhuur.nl",
     "urzedowe": true,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Proposal to cut to 15 nights in some zones from 04.2026",
     "url": "https://www.airroi.com/blog/eu-short-term-rental-regulations-2026",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "athens",
   "kraj": "gr",
   "nazwa": "Athens",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "zamrozone",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": null,
   "strefy": true,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "Moratorium on new AMA registrations in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd municipal districts (highest-density tourist neighbourhoods), introduced 1 January 2025 and extended through 31 December 2026.",
    "Existing active listings may continue operating, but in designated high-pressure zones the AMA registration no longer automatically transfers on sale or inheritance of the property.",
    "AADE is running extensive digital audits in 2026 cross-checking platform listings against the AMA registry."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 20000
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Moratorium on new registrations in central districts, extended to 31 Dec 2026",
     "url": "https://www.buygreece.us/blog/greece-short-term-rental-rules-ama-60-day-athens-moratorium-2026",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "AMA no longer transfers automatically on sale/inheritance in high-pressure zones",
     "url": "https://news.gtp.gr/2026/01/26/short-term-rentals-in-greece-new-restrictions-take-effect-in-2026/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "barcelona",
   "kraj": "es",
   "nazwa": "Barcelona",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "zamrozone",
   "wygasanie": "2028-11",
   "limit_nocy": null,
   "strefy": true,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "Tourist-use licence (HUT) required for stays of 31 nights or less; no new licences issued since 2017 (zero-growth plan).",
    "All 10,101 existing HUT licences expire in November 2028 without renewal under the current municipal decision.",
    "Catalan Tourism Registry number (NIRTC) required alongside the national layer."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 600000
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "No new licences since 2017; 10,101 licences expire 11.2028",
     "url": "https://www.bnbcalc.com/blog/short-term-rental-regulation/barcelona-spain-guide",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "HUT/NIRTC requirements for 31-nights-or-less stays",
     "url": "https://migaku.com/blog/language-fun/renting-in-barcelona-short-term-airbnb-rules-and-long-term-tips",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "berlin",
   "kraj": "de",
   "nazwa": "Berlin",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "warunkowe",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": 90,
   "strefy": true,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "Zweckentfremdungsverbot-Gesetz (misuse-of-housing ban): letting a primary registered residence (Anmeldung) short-term is capped at 90 nights/year with a district-issued registration number.",
    "Letting a secondary residence or a full apartment that is not the host's primary home requires a Zweckentfremdungsgenehmigung (special permit), generally difficult to obtain.",
    "Enforcement capacity varies by district — some run dedicated monitoring staff, others do not."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 500000
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "90-night exemption with district registration for primary residence; permit required otherwise",
     "url": "https://www.bnbdetector.com/en/guides/regulations/berlin",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Fines up to €500,000 for unpermitted letting",
     "url": "https://getproofsnap.com/posts/airbnb-germany-fines-rules-expats-foreigners-2026.html",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "budapest",
   "kraj": "hu",
   "nazwa": "Budapest",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "zamrozone",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": null,
   "strefy": true,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "District VI (Terézváros) is a '0-day' district since 1 January 2026 — private short-term rental of entire apartments is banned outright there.",
    "The whole city has a moratorium on NEW short-term rental registrations through 31 December 2026 — existing registered listings may continue.",
    "Districts V, VII and VIII still permit short-term rentals under the citywide registration scheme.",
    "Joint enforcement inspections (local government, police, tax authority) began the first week of January 2026."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 5200
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "District VI 0-day ban from 1 Jan 2026; citywide moratorium on new registrations through 2026",
     "url": "https://balkaninsight.com/2025/11/24/tourists-out-locals-in-budapest-district-to-be-first-in-hungary-with-airbnb-ban/rd/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Districts V, VII, VIII still permit STR; joint enforcement inspections from January 2026",
     "url": "https://www.travelandtourworld.com/news/article/budapest-bans-holiday-rentals-in-popular-tourist-area-to-tackle-overtourism-what-it-means-for-visitors-in-2026/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "florence",
   "kraj": "it",
   "nazwa": "Florence",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "zamrozone",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": null,
   "strefy": true,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "New short-term rental permits suspended in the historic centre (a UNESCO World Heritage zone), effectively capping the market to existing operators.",
    "National CIN registration and Italy's platform-delisting duty under EU Regulation 2024/1028 both apply on top of the local suspension."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 8000
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "New permits suspended in historic zones, capping existing operators",
     "url": "https://www.thelocal.it/20260605/the-italian-cities-bringing-in-restrictions-on-short-term-rentals",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "krakow",
   "kraj": "pl",
   "nazwa": "Kraków",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "otwarte",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": null,
   "strefy": false,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "Hosts must register properties as facilities providing accommodation services with the city.",
    "Kraków is named in the national draft law as a candidate city for future municipal restriction zones (alongside Gdańsk and Sopot) — this power is proposed, not yet enacted.",
    "The UNESCO World Heritage status of the historic centre means heritage-protection rules can affect what alterations a short-term rental property may undergo, separate from tourism regulation."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 11600
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Registration as accommodation-service facility required in Kraków",
     "url": "https://convention.krakow.pl/english/news/318012,2357,komunikat,krakow_leads_the_way_in_short-term_rental_regulation.html",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Kraków named as candidate for future municipal restriction zones in draft law, not yet enacted",
     "url": "https://internationalinvestment.biz/en/poland/8478-poland-prepares-a-short-term-rental-register.html",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "lisbon",
   "kraj": "pt",
   "nazwa": "Lisbon",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "warunkowe",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": null,
   "strefy": true,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "AL registration (RNAL) mandatory before advertising; number must appear on every listing.",
    "Containment zones: several central parishes restrict or suspend new AL registrations; outcome depends on the parish.",
    "Municipal tourist tax charged per night."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 40000
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "RNAL registration and public register",
     "url": "https://rnt.turismodeportugal.pt",
     "urzedowe": true,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Lisbon among strictest enforcement: caps, licence limits, zoning",
     "url": "https://deeparrival.com/news/short-term-rental-bans-2026/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "madrid",
   "kraj": "es",
   "nazwa": "Madrid",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "zamrozone",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": null,
   "strefy": true,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "New tourist-rental (VUT) licences frozen since February 2026, with a full ban planned for the historic centre.",
    "VUTs are banned outright in 11 designated Special Regulation Zones (Áreas de Especial Regulación), including Sol, Embajadores, Cortes, Justicia, Universidad, Palacio, Lavapiés and Malasaña.",
    "VUTs must now have their own independent street entrance — units sharing a building portal with permanent residents no longer qualify. Existing VUTs in shared-entrance buildings have until April 2027 to retrofit a separate entrance or surrender the licence.",
    "Fines for non-compliance can reach €190,000."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 190000
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Licence freeze since Feb 2026, ban planned for historic centre, 11 named ban zones",
     "url": "https://www.quikprokuo.com/en/plan-reside-madrid-tourist-apartments-regulation/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Independent-entrance requirement, retrofit deadline April 2027, fines up to €190,000",
     "url": "https://www.vissumlex.com/en/post/tourist-rental-vut-madrid-civut-2026",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "milan",
   "kraj": "it",
   "nazwa": "Milan",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "warunkowe",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": null,
   "strefy": true,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "SCIA (certified start-of-activity notice) must be filed with the local SUAP one-stop business desk before listing.",
    "A regional CIR code must be registered through the ROSS1000 system, in addition to the national CIN.",
    "Keyboxes on public-facing structures are banned as of 2026; violations carry fines of €100–€400 plus removal costs."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 8000
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "SCIA/SUAP filing, CIR via ROSS1000, keybox ban with fines €100–€400",
     "url": "https://www.thelocal.it/20260605/the-italian-cities-bringing-in-restrictions-on-short-term-rentals",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "paris",
   "kraj": "fr",
   "nazwa": "Paris",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "warunkowe",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": 90,
   "strefy": true,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "Primary residences: capped at 90 nights of tourist rental per calendar year under the Loi Le Meur (reduced from a previous 120-night benchmark).",
    "Secondary residences require 'changement d'usage' authorisation from the city, with compensation costing €300–500/m² in central arrondissements (typically €15,000–25,000 for a 30 sqm studio) — often impossible to obtain in Paris, Lyon and Bordeaux.",
    "Registration number (13 digits, starting with the property's INSEE code) must appear on every listing."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 50000
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "90-night cap for primary residences under Loi Le Meur (2026), down from 120",
     "url": "https://www.houst.com/blog/paris-airbnb-rules-registration",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Changement d'usage cost €300-500/m² in central arrondissements",
     "url": "https://fullconcierge.fr/article-changement-usage-paris-en.html",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "prague",
   "kraj": "cz",
   "nazwa": "Prague",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "warunkowe",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": null,
   "strefy": true,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "Prague 1 (the historic centre) is actively lobbying the national government for stronger municipal powers to cap short-term rental days per year and impose a stricter regime — not yet enacted, but politically live.",
    "A local referendum in Prague 1 on 3–4 October 2025 saw 72.26% of participants vote in favour of restricting short-term rentals in residential buildings — a strong signal, not a binding rule change by itself.",
    "The national e-Turista system gives the city sharper data on rental activity from 2026 onward, which is expected to support more targeted future measures."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 4000
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Prague 1 referendum: 72.26% in favour of restricting STR (3–4 Oct 2025); lobbying for stronger municipal powers",
     "url": "https://www.expats.cz/czech-news/article/prague-pushes-for-new-airbnb-rules-as-residents-demand-more-control",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "e-Turista data expected to support targeted measures from 2026",
     "url": "https://www.praguedaily.news/2026/07/19/prague-1-calls-for-stricter-rules-on-short-term-rentals-through-eturista/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "rome",
   "kraj": "it",
   "nazwa": "Rome",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "warunkowe",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": null,
   "strefy": true,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "Municipal registration required in addition to the national CIN.",
    "Tourist tax of €6 per guest per night.",
    "The city is considering caps on days per year for tourist rentals — not finalised as of mid-2026, monitor for change."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 8000
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Municipal registration + national CIN required; €6/night tourist tax; day-caps under consideration",
     "url": "https://hello.pricelabs.co/blog/short-term-rental-laws-in-italy/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "seville",
   "kraj": "es",
   "nazwa": "Seville",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "zamrozone",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": null,
   "strefy": true,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "Seville caps the number of tourist-rental licences issued, on top of the regional Andalusian framework.",
    "Andalusia's 2026 Sustainable Tourism Bill introduces fines up to €600,000 regionwide.",
    "Over 10,300 licences have been withdrawn across Andalusia since 2024, concentrated in Málaga, Granada, Cádiz and Seville — treat 'holding a licence' as fragile, not permanent."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 600000
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Seville licence cap; Andalusia 2026 Sustainable Tourism Bill fines up to €600,000; 10,300+ licences withdrawn regionwide since 2024",
     "url": "https://www.aplaceinthesun.com/articles/2025/07/new-rules-to-be-aware-of-if-buying-a-holiday-rental-in-spain",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "thessaloniki",
   "kraj": "gr",
   "nazwa": "Thessaloniki",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "zamrozone",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": null,
   "strefy": true,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "New AMA registrations banned in the 1st Municipal District from 1 July 2026 to 31 December 2026 — the first geographic expansion of Athens-style moratoria beyond the capital.",
    "Existing registered listings may continue to operate during the moratorium."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 20000
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "New registrations banned in 1st Municipal District 1 July–31 Dec 2026",
     "url": "https://athens-times.com/short-term-rental-rules-tighten-in-thessaloniki-from-1-july/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "venice",
   "kraj": "it",
   "nazwa": "Venice",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "warunkowe",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": null,
   "strefy": true,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "In-person guest check-in is mandatory — remote/keybox-only check-in is not accepted.",
    "Annual night caps apply to rental properties (specific figures vary by property type — verify with the municipality before listing).",
    "The city is considering further limits on the total number of properties a single host may operate in certain neighbourhoods — not yet finalised."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 8000
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Mandatory in-person check-in; annual night caps; proposed per-host property limits in some neighbourhoods",
     "url": "https://www.thelocal.it/20260605/the-italian-cities-bringing-in-restrictions-on-short-term-rentals",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "vienna",
   "kraj": "at",
   "nazwa": "Vienna",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "warunkowe",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": 90,
   "strefy": false,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "90 nights/year cap on tourist rental in force since 2024.",
    "Beyond the cap, an Ausnahmebewilligung (exception permit) from the MA37 building authority is required and is difficult to obtain.",
    "Mandatory city registration number adopted by the provincial parliament 12 December 2025; platforms must verify and remove invalid listings.",
    "Ortstaxe (tourist tax) rises from 3.2% to 5% on 1 July 2026, and to 8% in July 2027."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 50000
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Mandatory registration adopted, platforms must verify/remove",
     "url": "https://www.thelocal.at/20260623/vienna-to-require-airbnb-hosts-to-register-as-part-of-housing-crackdown",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "90-night cap since 2024, MA37 exception permit, fines up to €50,000",
     "url": "https://arbio.com/en/magazine/legal-aspects-short-term-rentals-austria",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Ortstaxe 3.2%→5% (1.07.2026), →8% (07.2027)",
     "url": "https://mrprops.io/regulations/airbnb/austria",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  },
  {
   "id": "warsaw",
   "kraj": "pl",
   "nazwa": "Warsaw",
   "stan_na": "2026-08-03",
   "nowe_licencje": "otwarte",
   "wygasanie": null,
   "limit_nocy": null,
   "strefy": false,
   "wymogi_lokalne": [
    "No municipal short-term rental zoning regime is currently in force in Warsaw — the draft national law naming Warsaw as a candidate for future restriction zones has not yet passed parliament.",
    "Housing communities and cooperatives may already restrict short-term rental in their own bylaws under existing civil law, independent of the pending national bill.",
    "CWTON national registration will apply once the operational portal is published, per EU Regulation 2024/1028."
   ],
   "kary_lokalne": {
    "max_eur": 11600
   },
   "zrodla": [
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Warsaw named as candidate for future municipal restriction zones in draft law, not yet enacted",
     "url": "https://internationalinvestment.biz/en/poland/8478-poland-prepares-a-short-term-rental-register.html",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
     "twierdzenie": "Housing communities can already restrict STR under existing civil law",
     "url": "https://verdictpartners.pl/en/housing-communities/housing-community-prohibit-short-term-rentals-poland/",
     "urzedowe": false,
     "sprawdzono": "2026-08-03"
    }
   ],
   "historia": []
  }
 ]
}